作者：dongweihua_l48lgqe6

2008年以来地图学眼动与视觉认知研究新进展

摘要：

地图是人类日常生活中不可或缺的工具。地图认知作为研究人对地图的感知、学习、记忆、推理和决策的科学,一直以来是地图学基础理论的重要内容。作为地图认知研究的核心,近年来地图视觉认知在相关学科（如心理学、认知科学和计算机视觉）和新的研究手段（如眼动跟踪、脑电和核磁）的促进下取得了一系列新的研究成果。尤其是眼动跟踪方法作为地图视觉认知研究的重要手段之一,越来越受到研究者的关注,为地图视觉认知研究的定量化、实用化提供了有力支撑。本文系统地梳理了2008年以来眼动跟踪方法在地图视觉认知研究中取得的新进展,并将其归纳为6个发展趋势,分别包括：① 刺激材料：从静态地图到动态交互地图;② 研究范围：从地图认知到地图空间认知;③ 实验环境：从实验室环境到真实环境;④ 地图维度：从二维地图到三维地图;⑤ 个体差异：从单一维度到多维度;⑥ 研究目的：从规律探究到实践应用。本文最后总结了未来研究面临的挑战、难点和可能的解决方法,期望能在地图视觉认知研究中起到抛砖引玉的作用。

引用本文

 董卫华, 廖华, 詹智成, 刘兵, 王圣凯, 杨天宇. 2008年以来地图学眼动与视觉认知研究新进展[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(3): 599-614.

Weihua DONG, Hua LIAO, Zhicheng ZHAN, Bing LIU, Shengkai WANG, Tianyu YANG. New research progress of eye tracking-based map cognition in cartography since 2008[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(3): 599-614.

链接：http://www.geog.com.cn/CN/10.11821/dlxb201903015

北京市甲型H1N1流感对气象因子的时空响应

摘要：

为研究北京市甲型H1N1流感对气象因子的时空响应规律,本文结合地理探测器及空间自相关分析方法,分析北京市甲型H1N1流感的时空分布情况,基于地理加权回归（GWR）模型,建立北京市甲型H1N1流感与平均风速、降雨量、平均湿度以及平均温度之间的回归模型。结果表明,降雨量对流感传播的影响不显著,平均风速与流感的传播主要呈现正相关,平均相对湿度与平均温度与流感的传播主要呈现负相关,其中,平均相对湿度的影响更为复杂。时间上,在流感感染人数快速上升的阶段,各气象因子的影响程度较为显著,而在流感传播速度减慢的阶段,气象因子的影响减弱;空间上,各气象要素对流感传播的影响在北京市4大功能分区上存在空间分异性,这与地区地形、风带、局地气候等因素有关。

引用本文

杨斯棋,邢潇月,董卫华,李帅朋,詹智成,王全意,杨鹏,张奕. 北京市甲型H1N1流感对气象因子的时空响应[J]. 地理学报, 2018, 73(3): 460-473.

YANG Siqi,XING Xiaoyue,DONG Weihua,LI Shuaipeng,ZHAN Zhicheng,WANG Quanyi,YANG Peng,ZHANG Yi. The spatio-temporal response of influenza A (H1N1) to meteorological factors in Beijing[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018, 73(3): 460-473.

链接：http://www.geog.com.cn/CN/10.11821/dlxb201803006

User Experience Design for Mobile Cartography: Setting the Agenda

Beijing, China | July 11 & 12, 2019

Position Paper Deadline: 1 February 2019

Organizers

Purpose

The ICA Commissions on Cognition, LBS, VA, and Use are pleased to announce a joint workshop to outline a research agenda on Mobile Map UX. Since their first description in the cartographic literature (Zipf 2002, Reichenbacher 2001, 2004, Meng et al. 2005, Gartner et al. 2007), interactive mapping applications drawing on location-based services and mobile technologies have fundamentally transformed the way that people experience place. Accordingly, established tenets of cartography need to be reexamined and updated for the mobile platform. Further, new cartographic design strategies are needed for mobile maps to ensure a productive and satisfying user experience (UX).

Energy is surging around mobile in cartography and related fields (Huang et al. 2018), with extant research covering egocentric design (van Elzakker et al. 2009), mobile icon designs (Stevens et al. 2013), adaptive and responsive designs (Griffin et al. 2017), context-awareness (Huang 2016), situated learning (Roth et al. 2018), citizen science (Haklay 2013), and mobile design ethics (Wilson 2012, Ricker et al. 2014). Recent work also includes new educational materials on mobile cartography for classroom instruction (e.g., Muehlenhaus 2013; Huang & Gao 2018; Ricker & Roth 2018).

Position Papers

This workshop builds upon the successful ICA joint workshops and special issues on Big Challenges in Interactive Cartography and Location Based Services to develop a research agenda for Mobile Map UX. To this end, we solicit 2-page position papers proposing emerging issues and pressing needs regarding Mobile Map UX. We encourage position statements from multiple sectors, including academia, industry, and government. Considerations, opportunities, and challenges of mobile map UX for discussion include, but are not limited to:

  • New Data Services: New geotagged big data streams and context-aware services building upon these streams.
  • New Technology: New mobile hardware (e.g., smartphones, UAVs, augmented reality, web environment), critical mobile infrastructure (and design constraints therein), and emerging mobile use cases (e.g., in-flight, autonomous vehicles and interfaces thereof).
  • New Map Designs: Novel map representations, emerging perceptual and cognitive considerations, and adaptive and responsive map designs across devices.
  • New Map Interfaces: New interface designs, including natural metaphors, augmented-/avatar-based interactions, and operator functionality.
  • New Analytical Methods: New approaches for scalable spatial analysis that are designed to support mobile mapping.
  • New Evaluation Methodologies: New methods and tools designed for or applied to studying mobile user experiences.
  • Broader Impacts: New forms of scholarly and citizen participation in science, education, and policy, as well as ethical considerations for the design and use of mobile maps.

Format

The workshop will cross two days, the first focused on student engagement and establishing common ground on topics related to Mobile Map UX and the second on developing a working research agenda for Mobile Map UX (capped registration).

Day #2 papers should be 2-pages and focus on “big problems”, or key research challenges and opportunities, related to the dimensions of Mobile Map UX listed above. Please submit your 2-page white paper in the CHI Archive Format. Please use positions papers from the 2015 workshop as examples for reference (available for download the bottom of the page). Position papers will be peer-reviewed by the organizing committee based on intellectual merit, scope and timeliness, and engagement with new literature and technology.

July 11: Overview & Training Workshops (recorded/targeted towards students)

  • 8:30-9:00: Arrival, Coffee
  • 9:00-10:30: User Experience Design (Robert Roth)
  • 10:30-11:00: Break
  • 11:00-12:30: Location-based Services (Haosheng Huang)
  • 12:30-14:00: Lunch
  • 14:00-15:30: Mobile Map Design (Britta Ricker)
  • 15:30-16:00: Break
  • 16:00-17:00: Discussion & Day #2 Planning
  • 18:00: Dinner

July 12: Lightning Talks and Research Agenda

  • 8:30-9:00: Arrival, Coffee
  • 9:00-10:00: Lightning Talks I
  • 10:00-10:30: Discussion
  • 10:30-11:00: Break
  • 11:00-12:00: Lightning Talks II
  • 12:00-12:30: Discussion
  • 12:30-14:00: Lunch / Commission Meetings
  • 14:00-15:00: RA Formulation/Organization
  • 15:00-16:30: Breakout
  • 16:30-17:00: Wrap-up and Next Steps
  • 18:00: Dinner

Venue:

The Beijing Normal University (BNU) Faculty of Geography was founded in 1910 and is one of the premier institutions for cartography and mapping sciences in China. BNU is located between the 2nd and 3rd city rings and is within 2km of multiple metro lines. BNU has graciously offered to provide space and coffee, as well as assistance with visas. Lodging is available on campus at the Jingshi Hotel, with additional options off campus within walking distance. The local organizers have arranged a block of rooms at a discount rate. Please email  Mr. YANG Tianyu (yang_ziy@mail.bnu.edu.cn) for your reservation, naming the workshop as your reason for the visit.

Timeline:

  • 15 November 2018: Announcement Posted
  • 1 February 2019: Deadline for 2-page Position Papers (sent to reroth@wisc.edu)
  • 1 March 2019: Notification of Accepted Papers & Preliminary Schedule; Registration Opens
  • 1 June 2019: Deadline to Register (no cost)

References:

  • Gartner, G., D.A. Bennett, and T. Morita. 2007. Towards ubiquitous cartography. Cartography and Geographic Information Science 34 (4): 247-257.
  • Griffin, A.L., T. White, C. Fish, B. Tomio, H. Huang, C.R. Sluter, J.V.M. Bravo, S.I. Fabrikant, S. Bleisch, M. Yamada, and P. Picanço. 2017. Designing across map use contexts: A research agenda. International Journal of Cartography, 3(Sup1), 61-89.
  • Haklay M. 2013. Citizen Science and Volunteered Geographic Information: Overview and Typology of Participation. In: Sui D., Elwood S., Goodchild M. (eds) Crowdsourcing Geographic Knowledge. Springer, Dordrecht.
  • Huang, H. 2016. Context-Aware Location Recommendation Using Geotagged Photos in Social Media. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 5(11): 195, doi:10.3390/ijgi5110195.
  • Huang, H., and Gao, S. (2018). Location-Based Services. The Geographic Information Science & Technology Body of Knowledge (1st Quarter 2018 Edition), John P. Wilson (Ed). doi: 10.22224/gistbok/2018.1.14
  • Huang, H., G Gartner, J.M. Krisp, M. Raubal, and N. Van de Weghe. Location based services: Ongoing evolution and research agenda. Journal of Location Based Services. 
  • Muehlenhaus I. 2013. Web Cartography: Map Design for Interactive and Mobile Devices. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
  • Meng, L., A. Zipf, and T. Reichenbacher. 2005. Map-based mobile services: Theories, methods, and implementations. Berlin: Springer.
  • Reichenbacher, T. 2001. Adaptive concepts for a mobile cartography. Journal of Geographical Sciences 11 (1):43–53.
  • Reichenbacher, T. 2003. Adaptive methods for mobile cartography. Paper presented at 21st International Cartographic Conference, Durban, South Africa, August 10.
  • Ricker, B., S. Daniel, and N. Hedley. 2014. Fuzzy boundaries: Hybridizing location-based services, volunteered geographic information, and geovisualization literature. Geography Compass 8 (7):490–504.
  • Ricker, B., and Roth, R. E. (2018). Mobile Maps and Responsive Design. The Geographic Information Science & Technology Body of Knowledge (2nd Quarter 2018 Edition), John P. Wilson (Ed)..
  • Roth R.E., S. Young, C. Nestel, C.M. Sack, B. Davidson, V. Knoppke-Wetzel, F. Ma, R. Mead, C. Rose, and G. Zhang. 2018. Global landscapes: Teaching globalization through responsive mobile map design. The Professional Geographer 70 (3): 395-411.
  • Stevens, J.E., A.C. Robinson, and A.M. MacEachren. 2013. Designing map symbols for mobile devices: Challenges, best practices, and the utilization of skeuomorphism. In: Proceedings of the International Cartographic Conference, Dresden, Germany, August 28.
  • Zipf, A. 2002. User-adaptive maps for location-based services (LBS) for tourism. Paper presented at Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism, Innsbruck, Austria.
  • van Elzakker, C. P. J. M., I. Delikostidis, and P. J. M. van Oosterom. 2009. Field-based usability evaluation methodology for mobile geo-applications. The Cartographic Journal 45 (2):139–49.
  • Wilson, M.W. 2012. Location-based services, conspicuous mobility, and the location-aware future. Geoforum 43 (6):1266–75.

Measuring the influence of map label density on perceived complexity: a user study using eye tracking

Abstract: We combine eye tracking and a questionnaire-based approach to explore the influence of label density on the perceived visual complexity of maps. We design two experiments in which participants are asked to search for the names of point features on maps and to rate the map complexity and legibility for different label densities. Specifically, we conduct a highly controlled experiment in which all the map variables except the label density are held constant (the controlled experiment). Then, we conduct a second experiment following the same protocol but using real maps as visual stimuli (the real-map experiment) to verify if the results of the controlled experiment were applicable to real maps. The results of both experiments indicate a significantly positive correlation between perceived visual complexity and label density and between the response time in visual search tasks and label density. Surprisingly, we observe a significant inverse correlation between the label density and two eye movement parameters (fixation duration and fixation frequency) between the two experiments. We discuss how the variables of real maps might have affected these eye movement parameters and why the results of the two experiments are inconsistent. Our findings suggest that eye tracking parameters are not reliable indicators of map complexity. These empirical results can be helpful to future map design and map complexity investigation.

Cite this paper:

Liao, H., Wang, X., Dong, W., & Meng, L. (2018). Measuring the influence of map label density on perceived complexity: a user study using eye tracking. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, 1-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15230406.2018.1434016

Using Eye Tracking to Explore the Guidance and Constancy of Visual Variables in 3D Visualization

Abstract: An understanding of guidance, which means guiding attention, and constancy, meaning that an area can be perceived for what it is despite environmental changes, of the visual variables related to three-dimensional (3D) symbols is essential to ensure rapid and consistent human perception in 3D visualization. Previous studies have focused on the guidance and constancy of visual variables related to two-dimensional (2D) symbols, but these aspects are not well documented for 3D symbols. In this study, we used eye tracking to analyze the visual guidance from shapes, hues and sizes, and the visual constancy that is related to the shape, color saturation and size of 3D symbols in different locations. Thirty-six subjects (24 females and 12 males) participated in the study. The results indicate that hue and shape provide a high level of visual guidance, whereas guidance from size, a variable that predominantly guides attention in 2D visualization, is much more limited in 3D visualization. Additionally, constancy of shape and saturation are perceived with relatively high accuracy, whereas constancy of size is perceived with only low accuracy. These first empirical studies are intended to pave the way for a more comprehensive user understanding of 3D visualization design.

Cite this paper:

Liu, B.; Dong, W.; Meng, L. Using Eye Tracking to Explore the Guidance and Constancy of Visual Variables in 3D Visualization. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2017, 6, 274. doi: 10.3390/ijgi6090274

董卫华团队参加江苏卫视《最强大脑》节目录制

地理科学学部董卫华老师作为特约嘉宾参加江苏卫视《最强大脑》第四季节目录制，该节目已于2017年1月13日在江苏卫视播出，题目为《一眼辨山》。在节目中，选手通过观察三张随机选取的庐山3D实景图，在庐山全貌等高线地形图中绘制相应的观察点和观察方向，选手答案与正确答案相差在四度以内，点位偏差在两百米以内则回答正确，正确两题则挑战成功。为录制该节目，董卫华老师带队进行了为期半年的研究，并亲赴庐山进行实地考察。以下为该节目的视频：

Selection of LiDAR geometric features with adaptive neighborhood size for urban land cover classification

Abstract: LiDAR has been an effective technology for acquiring urban land cover data in recent decades. Previous studies indicate that geometric features have a strong impact on land cover classification. Here, we analyzed an urban LiDAR dataset to explore the optimal feature subset from 25 geometric features incorporating 25 scales under 6 definitions for urban land cover classification. We performed a feature selection strategy to remove irrelevant or redundant features based on the correlation coefficient between features and classification accuracy of each features. The neighborhood scales were divided into small (0.5–1.5 m), medium (1.5–6 m) and large (>6 m) scale. Combining features with lower correlation coefficient and better classification performance would improve classification accuracy. The feature depicting homogeneity or heterogeneity of points would be calculated at a small scale, and the features to smooth points at a medium scale and the features of height different at large scale. As to the neighborhood definition, cuboid and cylinder were recommended. This study can guide the selection of optimal geometric features with adaptive neighborhood scale for urban land cover classification.

Cite this paper: Dong, W., Lan, J., Liang, S., Yao, W. and Zhan, Z. 2017. Selection of LiDAR geometric features with adaptive neighborhood size for urban land cover classification. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 60, 99-110. DOI: 10.1016/j.jag.2017.04.003

Global and regional changes in exposure to extreme heat and the relative contributions of climate and population change

Abstract: The frequency and intensity of extreme heat wave events have increased in the past several decades and are likely to continue to increase in the future under the influence of human-induced climate change. Exposure refers to people, property, systems, or other elements present in hazard zones that are thereby subject to potential losses. Exposure to extreme heat and changes therein are not just determined by climate changes but also population changes. Here we analyze output for three scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions and socio-economic growth to estimate future exposure change taking account of both climate and population factors. We find that for the higher emission scenario (RCP8.5-SSP3), the global exposure increases nearly 30-fold by 2100. The average exposure for Africa is over 118 times greater than it has been historically, while the exposure for Europe increases by only a factor of four. Importantly, in the absence of climate change, exposure is reduced by 75–95% globally and across all geographic regions, as compared with exposure under the high emission scenario. Under lower emission scenarios RCP4.5-SSP2 and RCP2.6-SSP1, the global exposure is reduced by 65% and 85% respectively, highlighting the efficacy of mitigation efforts in reducing exposure to extreme heat.

继续阅读“Global and regional changes in exposure to extreme heat and the relative contributions of climate and population change”

An Exploratory Study Investigating Gender Effects on Using 3D Maps for Spatial Orientation in Wayfinding

Abstract: 3D representations in applications that provide self-localization and orientation in wayfinding have become increasingly popular in recent years because of technical advances in the field. However, human factors have been largely ignored while designing 3D representations in support of pedestrian navigation. This exploratory study aims to explore gender effects on using 3D maps for spatial orientation. We designed a 3D map that combines salient 3D landmarks and 2D layouts, and evaluated gender differences in their performance during direction-pointing tasks by administrating an eye tracking experiment. The results indicate there was no significant overall gender difference on performance and visual attention. However, we observed that males using the 3D map paid more attention to landmarks in the environment and performed better than when using the conventional 2D map, whereas female performance did not show any significant difference between the two types of map usage. We also observed contrary gender differences in visual attention on landmarks between the 3D and 2D maps. While males fixated longer on landmarks than females when using the 3D map, females paid more visual attention to landmarks than males when using the 2D map. In addition, verbal protocols showed that males had more confidence while make decisions. These empirical results can be helpful in the design of map-based wayfinding enhancement tools.

Cite this paper: Liao H, Dong W. An Exploratory Study Investigating Gender Effects on Using 3D Maps for Spatial Orientation in Wayfinding. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2017; 6(3):60. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6030060

 

Study on the Influence of Field Cognitive Style, Gender and Spatial Terminology on Geographical Spatial Orientation Ability: based on Experiments in Virtual Space

Abstract: Nowadays, studies of factors influencing geographical spatial orientation ability mainly concentrate on gender whereas relationships of field cognitive style and spatial terminology with spatial orientation ability have rarely been studied. This study used eye tracking technology to explore the influences of the three individual variables on spatial orientation ability. 86 people participated in the experiments with an average age of 21 (SD=2.67). 继续阅读“Study on the Influence of Field Cognitive Style, Gender and Spatial Terminology on Geographical Spatial Orientation Ability: based on Experiments in Virtual Space”